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Medieval swords types9/25/2023 The remaining three swords, including the aforementioned pommel cap, are further presented by Bulgarian authors Valeri Yotov ( 2003 2007 2011 2016 2018) and Konstantin Kolev ( 2015). The first was the discovery of the sword pommel cap from Păcuiul lui Soare, which was described, typologically and analogically evaluated by Radu Popa in his article ( 1984). The second group consists of four specimens from Dobruja. Erwin Gáll prepared the currently up-to-date and relatively detailed chapter on swords, with descriptions of individual finds from Transylvania and Banat, in his thesis Az Erdélyi-medence, a Partium és a Bánság 10‒11. Pinter’s book Spada şi sabia medievală în Transilvania şi Banat, secolele IX – XIV ( 1999) is also a good example of a more comprehensive text. Heitel’s article on archaeological evidence of the penetration of the Old Hungarians into Transylvania, in which numerous pieces of military equipment originating from the Inner Carpathian region and stored in individual museums from Romania are represented, some of which also include early medieval double-edged swords ( 1994-1995). The first comprehensive texts on this topic can be found in Radu R. The largest group of swords and sword fragments consists of finds from the historical region of Transylvania (including Banat, Crișana and Maramureș), published in several works ( Nagy 1906 Hampel 1907 Bakay 1965, 1967 Vlassa 1965, 1967 Horedt 1967, 1968, 1978 Radosav 1986-1987 Kovács 1994-1995 Pinter 1992-1994, 1996, 1998 Cosma 20). Despite this, there were several works and studies dealing mainly with stray finds and, to a lesser extent, with finds from archaeological excavations or museum collections. The primary goal of my article is to provide basic information and compile a list of all swords and sword fragments from the territory of Romania that are still known and available in the literature, dated between the 9th and 11th centuries, falling at the same time into the sword classification according to Jan Petersen or Alfred Geibig.Ĭurrently, there is no more comprehensive monograph that would contain a complete and detailed description of individual specimens. My ambition is not to write a professional academic work that maps all the finds of swords including their detailed description with dimensions, as I do not have the possibilities for such a step. For this reason, I decided to write a short article to make this topic more widely known. Labeled from X to XXII and few subtypes marked with a, b, c.Early medieval swords from the territory of Romania belong to a relatively often overlooked topic and significant attention is not paid to it even in the academic literature. It is a narrower classification used to categorize the swords of the European Middle Ages from 11th to 15th century. One more type of classification of swords is a modern classification called Oakeshott typology created by historian and illustrator Ewart Scimitar is a type of saber used by the Turks or Ottomans and Persians. Saber was aĬurved blade sword used in cavalry. Falchion had a curved blade but a straight edge and was used in Europe from 11th to 16th century. It was used as a tool in a hunt and as a weapon Hanger (also known as wood-knife, hunting sword orĬutlass) is a long knife or a short, broad saber or slashing sword. It had blade with triangular cross-section and a sharp point.Īnd sabers is a class of single-edged, usually curved bladed swords. Small sword, smallsword or court sword evolved out of the rapier of the late Renaissance. Tuck, estoc and verdun were variants of panzerstecher. It was designed for fighting against mail or plate armor. It had a cruciform hilt with a grip for two hands and a sharp point. Panzerstecher was used in Germany and in the EastĮurope. Swords: type of swords that are designed for thrusting and not for cutting. They had up to 180 cm in length and had weight from 2 to 3.2kg. Or zweihänder is a two handed sword that could be used with only two hands (not like smaller variants that could also be used with one Peoples of the Migration period, gladius that was a sword of Ancient Roman foot soldiers, and xiphos used by Ancient Greeks belong in this class. They have no cross guard or have a very short one. Of Middle Ages and Renaissance fit into this group as well as Scottish claymores.Ĭlass have blade from 30cm to 60cm and are considered swords.
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